This study examines longitudinal risk and protective factors associated with bias-based bullying victimization among adolescents. The authors identify how individual, peer, and school-level processes jointly shape exposure to identity-targeted …
This study identifies heterogeneous joint trajectories of identity-linked peer stress (bias-based harassment) and internalizing distress across two years of adolescence. Using person-centered longitudinal methods, the authors show how patterns of …
This study examines longitudinal associations between witnessing bias-based harassment and adolescent mental health functioning. The authors document how bystander exposure to identity-targeted aggression contributes to internalizing symptoms over …
This study examines direct and witnessed bias-based harassment exposures among adolescents and their associations with psychosocial functioning. The authors test the moderating influence of protective factors and clarify how peer, school, and family …